Researchers have found a molecular link between the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and signaling involved in the T cell (T lymphocytes) maturation and differentiation. T lymphocytes such as CD4+ cells are the immune cells that circulate throughout the body and defend the host organism …
What is niacin? Niacin is an organic acid the IUPAC name of which is pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid. It is also called nicotinic acid or vitamin B3. However, the biologically active form is nicotinamide, not niacin which is formed during the formation of niacin-derived cofactors nicotinamide adenine …
Protein Data Bank or PDB is an online computer-based directory that contains the crystal structure of biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids along with the supplementary information about the source of the macromolecule and how it was obtained, resolution of the diffraction data and …
Angiotensin II from Angiotensinogen Angiotensin is a group of peptide hormones that contains mainly four types; I, II, III, and IV. However, the biologically active form is angiotensin II. All of these are produced from the single precursor protein angiotensinogen in different steps. Angiotensinogen is a …
Infobiochem
Cancer
December 21, 2015
Mitochondrial metabolism Mitochondrial metabolism constitutes central metabolism where end products of the glucose, amino acids, and fats are catabolized through different routes and funneled into the citric acid cycle. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell where most of the ATPs, the energy currency of the …
Classification of the lipids Lipids are classified into two classes; saponifiable lipids and non-saponifiable lipids. In a saponifiable lipid family, there are two types of lipids Glycerol Esters and Non-glycerol Esters. Glycerol esters include triacylglycerols and phosphoglycerols while non-glycerol esters include two classes of lipids; waxes …
Proteins associated with or embedded in a biological cell membrane are called membrane proteins. Membrane proteins are of two types. Integral Proteins Proteins that are embedded deeply in the plasma membrane are integral proteins. They are held inside the membrane by hydrophobic interaction. Integral proteins may …
An introduction to the glycoproteins The glycoprotein is a type of glycoconjugate. It is a biological molecule that contains proteins as well as carbohydrates (especially oligosaccharides) linked to each other through the covalent linkage between the sugar unit of oligosaccharide and a side chain of certain types …
What is SDS PAGE? SDS PAGE or Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis is an analytical tool widely used to analyze protein mixtures qualitatively as well as quantitatively. However, we can also use it to determine the molecular weight of an unknown protein using the SDS …
What are APS and TEMED? Before jumping into the uses of the APS and TEMED in SDS PAGE, let’s know more about the individual components. APS is the ammonium persulfate while TEMED is the N, N, N’, N’-tetramethyl ethylene diamine. In the same manner, SDS is …
Gluconeogenesis is a biosynthetic pathway involved in glucose production from non-carbohydrate precursors. Glucose is necessary for all tissues as it is the main source of energy production. Some tissues such as the brain, RBCs, and exercising muscles require glucose more preferentially than any other source and, …
